CRITICAL MATERIALS
Lithium for Advanced Nuclear Systems
CRITICAL MATERIALS
Lithium for Advanced Nuclear Systems
Nuclear Power Is Becoming Essential Infrastructure for the AI Era
AI data centers are triggering an unprecedented surge in electricity demand. The world’s largest technology companies are moving decisively toward nuclear power to secure reliable, carbon-free baseload energy at scale.
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Introducing NUKE-it™
The EnergyX Nuclear Materials Platform
EnergyX is building a scalable nuclear supply chain. NUKE-itTM is EnergyX’s nuclear platform, designed to enable secure and scalable access to critical nuclear materials, leveraging deep expertise in separation science, electrochemical processing, and materials engineering.
EnergyX Is Engineering the Materials Foundation for the Nuclear Supply Chain
EnergyX is building a vertically integrated platform that addresses the hardest problem in nuclear energy expansion: materials availability.
Lithium 6 & 7
Lithium-6 and Lithium-7 are critical isotopes used in advanced nuclear and energy systems, from tritium production and fusion research to specialized reactor and national security applications. As demand for next-generation nuclear technologies and secure domestic supply chains grows, these isotopes are becoming strategic materials for both clean energy and defense infrastructure.
Quick Facts
Atomic Number
3
Atomic Weight
6.015 / 7.016
Primary Use
Tritium production, fusion, advanced reactor
Processing Need
High-precision isotope separation
Uranium
Uranium is the primary fuel for nuclear reactors, providing the energy source that enables steady, carbon-free electricity generation at scale. As global demand for reliable, low-emission power and advanced reactors grows, secure uranium supply has become a strategic priority for energy security and national infrastructure
Quick Facts
Atomic Number
92
Atomic Weight
238.03
Primary Use
Fuel
Energy Density
High Density
Thorium
Thorium is a naturally abundant radioactive metal being explored as an alternative nuclear fuel that can produce clean, reliable energy with lower long-term waste and strong safety potential. Its use in advanced reactor designs, such as molten salt systems, positions thorium as a promising pathway for next-generation, secure, and scalable nuclear power.
Quick Facts
Atomic Number
90
Atomic Weight
232.04
Primary Use
Fuel
Availability
3–4× more abundant than uranium
Lithium Materials Engineered for the Future
of Nuclear Power
EnergyX Is developing advanced lithium materials and isotopes that enable next generation nuclear systems. Our platform supports fusion, molten salt reactors, high temperature fission, and national laboratory research by supplying the critical lithium grades these technologies require.
Uranium emitting alpha particles through cooled ethanol vapor creating visible condensation trails.
FUSION
A tokamak reactor is one of the most highly pursued fusion reactor types. It is a magnetic confinement fusion reactor that uses extremely strong magnetic fields to confine a super-hot plasma in a donut-shaped (toroidal) chamber. The goal is to hold plasma hot and dense enough, for long enough, that deuterium–tritium (D-T) fusion occurs continuously. Deuterium and tritium gas are injected, gas is ionized into plasma, and temperatures reach ~100 million °C. Tritium, the main fuel source of fusion reactors, is bred from Lithium-6.
FISSION
A fission reactor generates heat by splitting heavy atomic nuclei (primarily uranium or thorium) into smaller atoms. Each fission releases large amounts of heat, and neutrons that can trigger additional fissions (a chain reaction). That heat is then converted into electricity using steam turbines—similar to fossil power plants, but with nuclear fuel as the heat source, making it very clean with zero carbon emissions.
The general fuel cycle steps for uranium are as follows:
- Mining (uranium ore)
- Conversion to UF₆
- Enrichment
- Fuel fabrication (ceramic UO₂ pellets)
- Reactor use
- Spent fuel storage or reprocessing
Fission vs Fusion
(Materials Perspective)
Fission
Category
Fusion
Uranium / Thorium
Primary fuel
Deuterium / Lithium-6
Limited but scalable
Fuel availability
Very large
Long-lived
Waste
Shorter-lived
High
Commercial maturity
Low
Extremely high
Energy density
Even higher
The World’s Largest Companies Are Betting on Nuclear
Leading technology companies are investing billions in nuclear energy to support AI infrastructure growth. These commitments signal a structural shift. Nuclear is no longer a legacy energy source. It is becoming core digital infrastructure.
Contracted 960 MW of nuclear capacity to support cloud and AI operations.
Signed agreements supporting the restart of an 835 MW nuclear reactor to supply carbon-free electricity.
Announced nuclear agreements totaling up to 6.6 GW by 2035 to support future AI data center demand.
Committed to advanced nuclear development with plans to deploy up to 500 MW by 2035.